A Qualitative Review of the Characteristics of the Main Elements of the Project-Based Curriculum and its Validation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Tabriz University - Faculty of Education & Psychology

2 education department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, East Azarbayjan

3 Department of Education, Tabriz University

4 Faculty of Education and Psychology - University of Tabriz

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of project-based curriculum elements, design and validation of its model with a qualitative approach and documentary research method, using qualitative content analysis and analytical-inferential method. To identify and extract curriculum themes, project-based curriculum documents and resources and the views of curriculum experts were used. The method of data analysis was description of the basics and theoretical analysis and inference. Themes for curriculum goals rely on improving thinking skills and creating lifelong learning and cultivating scientific and practical knowledge in line with students' real-life lives. In the field of content there was an emphasis on richness and activity-oriented and its integrated organization; in the section of teaching-learning strategies the use of research methods and group exploration and problem solving were emphasized. And finally, the use of continuous and diverse evaluation and process-oriented, multiple and performance-based methods in the evaluation section was considered by this model. The validity of the proposed model was evaluated and confirmed using the content validity ratio formula and the Lawshe table.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

منابع
Afriana, J., Permanasari, A., & Fitriani, A. (2016). Project based learning integrated to stem to enhance elementary school’s students scientific literacy. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 5(2), 261-267.
Ahmadi, P. (2001). Designing integrated curriculum model and comparing it with the existing curricula of the elementary school in Iran's educational system. PhD thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. [In Persian]
Amiruddin, B., Budi, A. S., & Sumantri, M. S. (2021). Enhancing science literacy capabilities of prospective primary school teachers through the STEM Project Learning Model. Journal of Physics: 1869(1).
Beier, M. E., Kim, M. H., Saterbak, A., Leautaud, V., Bishnoi, S., & Gilberto, J. M. (2019). The effect of authentic project‐based learning on attitudes and career aspirations in STEM. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(1), 3-23.
Bell, S. (2010). Project-Based Learning for the 21st Century: Skills for the Future. The Clearing House, 83(2), 39-43.
Butler, A., & Christofili, M. (2014). Project-Based Learning Communities in Developmental Education: A Case Study of Lessons Learned. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 38:638–650.
Capraro, M. M., & Jones, M. (2013). Interdisciplinary STEM project-based learning. In STEM project-based learning (pp. 51-58). Brill Sense.
Capraro, R. M., & Corlu, M. S. (2013). Changing views on assessment for STEM project-based learning. In STEM project-based learning (pp. 109-118). SensePublishers, Rotterdam.
Carter, V. R. (2013). Defining characteristics of an integrated stem curriculum in k–12 education. University of Arkansas.
Çetin, A. (2020). Examining Project-Based STEM Training in a Primary School. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 7(3), 811-825.
Çevik, M., & Azkin, Z. (2020). STEM anlayışının ve görselleştirilmesinin zeka alanlarıyla ilişkisinde proje tabanlı öğretime dayanan STEM yaklaşımının rolü. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(34), 1-44.
Chang, C.S., Wong, W.T., & Chang, C.Y. (2011). Integration of PBL strategy with mobile learning: case study of mangrove wetland ecology exploration project. Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, 14(3), 265-273.
Chen, C. S., & Lin, J. W. (2019). A practical action research study of the impact of maker-centered STEM-PjBL on a rural middle school in Taiwan. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 17(1), 85-108.
Cheung, H. Y., Chow, M. H., & Chiu, P. K. (2016). How science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) project-based learning improves student learning. The 10th International Symposium on Advances in Technology Education, 435-438.
Church, R. L., & Sedlak, M. W. (1976). Education in the United States: An interpretative history. New York: Free Press.
Corlu, M. A., & Aydin, E. (2016). Evaluation of learning gains through integrated STEM projects. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 4(1), 20-29.
Coufalová, J. (2006). Project teaching. Prague: Fortuna Publishing House.
Crismond, DP, & Adams, RS. (2012). The informed design teaching and learning matrix. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(4), 738–797.
Dauletova, V. (2014). Expanding Omani learners’ horizons through project-based learning: A case study. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 183-203.
Diba vajari, T., Yamani Dozi Sorkhabi, M., Arefi, M. & Fardanesh, H. (2011). Conceptualization of Curriculum Development Models in Higher Education. Research in Curriculum Planning, 8(30), 48-62. [In Persian]
Diego-Mantecon, J. M., Prodromou, T., Lavicza, Z., Blanco, T. F., & Ortiz-Laso, Z. (2021). An attempt to evaluate STEAM project-based instruction from a school mathematics perspective. ZDM–Mathematics Education, 53(5), 1137-1148.
Djulia, E., & Simatupang, H. (2021). STEM-based Project for Everyday Life Created by Pre-Service Students and Its Implication of Pedagogical Competence for Science Teacher. Journal of Physics: 1819(1).
Dvořáková, M. (2009). Project teaching in the Czech school: Development, inspiration, current problems. Prague: Karolinum.
Edmunds, J., Arshavsky, N., Glennie, E., Charles, K., & Rice, O. (2017). The Relationship Between Project-Based Learning and Rigor in STEM-Focused High Schools. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 11(1).
Efstratia. Douladeli (2014). Experiential education through project-based learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 (2014) 1256 – 1260.
Eini Karimi, Sh. (2017). The effect of project-based education inspired by the constructivist approach in the sixth grade experimental science course on improving students' creative self-efficacy and cognitive motivation. master thesis, Payam Noor University, Kermanshah. [In Persian]
Erdem, D. (2012). Examination of the effects of PBL approach on students' attitudes towards chemistry and test anxiety. World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(6) , 764-769.
Erdogan, N. & Bozeman, D. (2015). Models of project-based learning for the 21st century. In A. Sahin (Ed.), A practice-based model of STEM teaching: STEM students on the stage (S.0.S.), (31-42). Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Ergül, N. R. & Kargın, E. K. (2014). The effect of PBL on students‟ science success. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 537-541.
Fardanesh, H. & Nouri, A. (2009). Educational design based on the project-based learning model: a constructivist approach to educational design. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 40 (1), 101-121. [In Persian]
Fernandes, S. R. G. (2014). Preparing graduates for professional practice: Findings from a case study of Project-based Learning (PBL). Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 139:219-226.
Filippatou, D., & Kaldi, S. (2010). The Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning on Pupils with Learning Difficulties Regarding Academic Performance, Group Work and Motivation. International journal of special education, 25(1), 17-26.
Fiteriani, I., Diani, R., & Anwar, C. (2021). Project-based learning through STEM approach: Is it effective to improve students’ creative problem-solving ability and metacognitive skills in physics learning?. Journal of Physics,1796(1).
Fox. J.E. (2016). The effect of project-based learning in the middle school science classroom. Master of science theses, Montana state university.
Fragoulis, L. & Tsiplakides, L. (2009). Project-Based Learning in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Greek Primary Schools: From Theory to Practice. English Language Teaching, 2(3), 113.
Gao, M. (2012). A Theoretical Model For The Effectiveness Of Project based learning In Engineering Design Education. Doctoral Thesis, Loughborough University, United Kingdom.
Gardner, M. (2017). Beyond the Acronym: Preparing Preservice Teachers for Integrated STEM Education, Ph.D. Colgate University.
Gholami, Z. (2015). The effect of project-based learning on creativity, epistemological beliefs and academic achievement of seventh grade female students. Master's Thesis, Tabriz University. [In Persian]
Gültekin, M. (2005). The effects of PBL on learning outcomes in the 5th grade social studies course in primary education. Educational Sciences : Theory And Practice, 5(2), 548-556.
Guo, C., & Tang, Y. (2021). A Case Study of Thoroughly Integrated STEM PBL Course of Mechanics. Journal of Physics, 1732(1).
Hackthorn, J., Solomon, E. D., Blankmeyer, K. L., Tennial, R. E. & Garczyn, A. M. (2011). Learning by doing: An empirical study of active teaching techniques. The Journal of Effective Teaching 11 (2) 40-54.
Haines, S. (1989). Projects for the EFL classroom. Resource material for teachers. Hong Kong: Nelson House.
Haji Tabar Firouzjaei, M., Maleki, . & Ahmadi, Gh. (2015). Design and validation of the conceptual model of reducing the planned, implemented and acquired curriculum gap in Iran's public education system. Journal of Theory and Practice in Curriculum, 4(7): 5-30. [In Persian]
Hall, A., & Miro, D. (2016). A study of student engagement in project‐based learning across multiple approaches to STEM education programs. School Science and Mathematics, 116(6), 310-319.
Han, S. & Rosli, R., Capraro, M. M., & Capraro, R. M. (2016). The effect of STEM project-based learning on students’achievement in four mathematics topics. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 13, 3.
Han, S. (2017). Korean students’ attitudes toward STEM project-based learning and major selection. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17, 529–548.
Hanif, S., Wijaya, A. F. C., & Winarno, N. (2019). Enhancing Students' Creativity through STEM Project-Based Learning. Journal of science Learning, 2(2), 50-57.
Helle, L., Tynjala, P., & Olknuora, E. (2006). Project-based learning in post-secondary education: Theory, practice and rubber sling shots. Higher Education, 51, 287–314.
Hill, J. R., & Hannafin, M. J. (2001). Teaching and learning in digital environments: The resurgence of resource-based learning. Educational Technology, Research & Development, 49(3), 37-52.
Hossein Panah, M., Karami, M., Jafari Thani, H. & Karsheki, H. (2016). Evaluating the degree of congruence between the intended, implemented and acquired curricula of the second elementary school in the development of research competencies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 11(44): 141-164. [In Persian]
Houghton, M. (2009). Project-based learning space. Available http://college.cengage.com/education/pbl/index.html
Hutchinson, T. (1992). Project. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jamali, S. M., Md Zain, A. N., Samsudin, M. A., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2017). Self-efficacy, scientific reasoning, and learning achievement in the STEM project-based learning literature. The Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 2, 29-43.
Jamalifar, M., Hashemi Moghadam, S. Sh., Abedi Karjiban, Z. & Faqihi, A. (2015). Examining the concordance of the planned curriculum of the thinking and lifestyle course of the eighth grade of the first secondary school with the implemented and acquired curriculum. Journal of Family and Research, 13(4): 21-42. [In Persian]
Kai Wah Chu, S., Tse, S. K., Ka Yee Loh, E., & Chow, K. (2011). Collaborative Inquiry project-based learning: Effects on reading ability and interests. Journal of Library and Information Science Research, 33, Pp: 236-243. © 2011, Published by Elsevier Inc.
Karaman, S., & Celik, S. (2008). An exploratory study on the perspectives of prospective computer teachers following project-based learning. Int J Technol Des Educ, 18, Pp: 203–215.
Kartini, F. S., Widodo, A., Winarno, N., & Astuti, L. (2021). Promoting Student's Problem-Solving Skills through STEM Project-Based Learning in Earth Layer and Disasters Topic. Journal of Science Learning, 4(3), 257-266.
Kaşarcı, İ. (2013). Proje tabanlı öğrenme yaklaşımının öğrencilerin akademik baş arıları ve tutumlarına etkisi: Bir meta - analiz çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Eskişehir: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Katz, L. G. (1994). The project approach. ERIC Digest. ED368509 Retrieved Feb 25, 2013 from: http://ecap.crc.illinois.edu/pubs/katzsym/yun.pdf\
Katz, L.G., Chard, S.C. (2013). The Project Approach: An Overview. In Approaches to Early Childhood Education, 6th ed., eds. J. Roopnarine & J.E. Johnson, 268–84. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Kim, D.H., Ko, D.G., Han, M.J. & Hong, S.H., (2014). The Effects of Science Lessons Applying STEAM Education Program on the Creativity and Interest Levels of Elementary Students. Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, 34(1), 43-54.
Koes-H, S., & Putri, N. D. (2021). The Effect of Project-Based Learning in STEM on Students’ Scientific Reasoning. In Journal of Physics, 1835(1).
Korkmaz, H., & Kaptan, F. (2001). Project-based learning approach in science education. Hacettepe University Journal of Education Faculty, 20, 193-200.
Kuo, H. C., Tseng, Y. C., & Yang, Y. T. C. (2019). Promoting college student’s learning motivation and creativity through a STEM interdisciplinary PBL human-computer interaction system design and development course. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 31, 1-10.
Lantz, H. B. (2009). Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education: What form? What function? CurrTech Integrations. Retrieved from, http://www.currtechintegrations.com/pdf/STEMEducationArticle.pdf.
Larmer, J., & Mergendoller, J. (2010). Essentials for Project-Based Learning. Educational Leadership, 68(1), 52-55.
Lestari, T. P., Sarwi, S., & Sumarti, S. S. (2018). STEM-based Project Based Learning model to increase science process and creative thinking skills of 5th grade. Journal of primary education, 7(1), 18-24.
Lin, K. Y., Wu, Y. T., Hsu, Y. T., & Williams, P. J. (2021). Effects of infusing the engineering design process into STEM project-based learning to develop preservice technology teachers’ engineering design thinking. International Journal of STEM Education, 8(1), 1-15.
LuqmanulHakim, L., Sulatri, Y. L., Mudrikah, A., & Ahmatika, D. (2019). STEM project-based learning models in learning mathematics to develop 21st century skills. ITEEA Journal, 1-5.
Maleki, H. (2014). Curriculum planning (practice guide). Mashhad: Payam Andisheh. [In Persian]
Marx, R. W., Blumenfeld, P. C., Krajcik, J. S., & Soloway, E. (1997). Enacting Project-Based Science. The Elementary School Journal, 97(4), 341-358.
Mehrmohammadi, M. et al. (2008). Curriculum planning: view, approaches and perspectives. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publishing House. [In Persian]
Morgan, A. (1984). Overview: project-based learning. In Henderson, E. S. and Natheson, M. B. (Eds.), Independent Learning in Higher Education, The Open University, Milton Keynes, England, 221-237.
Morgil, I, Seyhan, H. G., Alsan, E. U., & Temel, S. (2008). The effect of web-based project applications on students attitudes towards chemistry. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-Tojde, 9(2), Article 13.
Morrison, J., Frost, J., Gotch, C., McDuffie, A. R., Austin, B., & French, B. (2021). Teachers’ role in students’ learning at a project-based STEM high school: Implications for teacher education. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 19(6), 1103-1123.
Moursund, D. (1999). Project-based learning using information technology. Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education.
Nurhayati, NP. & Juandi, D. (2021). Improving students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities through online project-based learning models with the STEM approach. Journal of Physics,1806(1).
Nurmaliah, C., Azmi, T. N., & Artika, W. (2021). The impact of implementation of STEM integrating project-based learning on students’ problem-solving abilities. Journal of Physics,1882(1).
Oriol, M. D., Tumulty, G., & Snyder, K. (2010). Cognitive Apprenticeship as a framework for teaching Online. Merlot Journal of Online Learning and Teaching. 6(1): 210-217.
Ortiz, A. M., Bos, B., & Smith, S. (2015). The power of educational robotics as an integrated STEM learning experience in teacher preparation programs. Journal of College Science Teaching, 44(5), 42-47.
Owens, A. D., & Hite, R. L. (2020). Enhancing student communication competencies in STEM using virtual global collaboration project-based learning. Research in Science & Technological Education, 1-27.
Parno, Zulaikah, S., Rosyidah, F. U. N., & Ali, M. (2021). Faraday flashlight project-based STEM to enhance problem-solving skill of students. Journal of Physics, 1806(1).
Pryor, W. B. & Kang, R. (2013). Project-Based Learning: An interdisciplinary approach for integrating social studies with STEM. SensePublishers, Rotterdam.
Pyke, N. (1993). Ablest being hindered. Time Educational Supplement, 22 October: 7.
Rosales, J. J. & Sulaiman, F. (2020). The Development of Integrated STEM-PBL Physics Module for Learning Classical Mechanics in Secondary Education. Solid State Technology, 63(6), 19410-19433.
Saad, A. F. (2020). Exploring the Use of Class Blog for PBL in K-12 STEM Subject. Online Submission, 7(3), 36-43.
Samsudin, M. A., Jamali, S. M., Md Zain, A. N., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2020). The effect of STEM project-based learning on self-efficacy among high-school physics students. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 16(1), 94-108.
Sarwi, S., Baihaqi, M. A., & Ellianawati, E. (2021). Implementation of Project Based Learning Based on STEM Approach to Improve Students’ Problems Solving Abilities. In Journal of Physics,1918(5).
Scott, C. (1994). Project-based science: Reflections of a middle school teacher. Elementary School Journal, 57(1), 1-22.
Seet, P. & Seet, L. (2006). Changing Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies through Experiential Learning. Evidence from Entrepreneurship Education in Singapore’s Tertiary Education Institutions. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, Vol. 2 lss: 2, pp 162-191.
Semsari, Z. (2018). Investigating the effective factors in the performance of fourth grade elementary students in mathematics according to the findings of international studies of TIMSS 2015. Master's thesis, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz. [In Persian]
Shojaee, M., Cui, Y., Shahidi, M., & Zhang, X. (2019). Validation of the Questionnaire of Students’ Attitudes toward STEM-PBL: Can Students’ Attitude toward STEM-PBL Predict their Academic Achievement?. Psychology, 10(02), 213.
Siew, N. M., & Ambo, N. (2018). Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Project-Based and STEM Teaching and Learning Module on Enhancing Scientific Creativity among Fifth Graders. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 17(6), 1017-1033.
Soleimani, F. (2014). Comparative study of various methods and approaches of curriculum design. National conference of modern researches in science and technology, 2nd session, Kerman: Islamic Azad University. [In Persian]
Soleimani, F. (2015). A comparative study of curriculum typical methods and approach. 2nd National Conference on New Research in Science and Technology, Kerman: Azad University.
Solms, S., & Nel, H. (2017). STEM Project Based Learning: Towards improving secondary school performance in mathematics and science. IEEE AFRICON, 770-775.
Stewart, R. A. (2007). Evaluating the self – directed learning redness of engineering undergraduates: a necessary precursor to project – based learning,World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 6, 16-26.
Sumarni, W. (2015). The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Implementation of Project Based Learning: A Review. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 4(3), 478-484.
Tavalin, F. (2006). Project-Based Learning In Social Studies. Retrieved from http://www.vermontsocialstudies.org/resources/proj_based_learning/index.htm
Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project-based learning. San Rafael, CA: Autodesk Foundation.
Tseng, K. H., Chang, C. C., Lou, S. J., & Chen, W. P. (2013). Attitudes towards STEM in a project-based learning environment. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 23(1), 87-102.
Tsinajinie, G., Kirboyun, S., & Hong, S. (2021). An Outdoor Project-Based Learning Program: Strategic Support and the Roles of Students with Visual Impairments Interested in STEM. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30(1), 74-86.
Turk, M. (2009). The Impact of Active Learning in Higher Education on the Development of Future Teachers' Creation. In L. Bognar (Ed.), Encouraging Creativity in Education and Education (107-115). Zagreb: Profile International.
Wilson, K. (2021). Exploring the challenges and enablers of implementing a STEM project-based learning programme in a diverse junior secondary context. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 19(5), 881-897.
Wong, A. F. L., Quek, C. L., Divaharan, S., Liu, W. C., Peer, J., & Williams, M. D. (2006). Singapore students’ and teachers’ perceptions of computer-supported project work classroom learning environments. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(4), 449–479.
Yalçin, S. A., Turgut, Ü. & Büyükkasap, E. (2009). The effect of PBL on science undergraduates learning of electricity, attitude towards physics and scientific process skills. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(1), 81-105.
Yıldırım, B. (2016). An Examination of the effects of science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) applications and mastery learning integrated into the 7th grade science course. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. Gazi University, Ankara.
Yousefi, M., Assare, A. & Hosseinikhah, A. (2015). The Nature and Implications of Project-based Learning in Curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 11(42), 95-134. [In Persian]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 29 March 2023
  • Revise Date: 09 July 2023
  • Accept Date: 03 August 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics